Pterm file vs pem file3/24/2023 ![]() ![]() ![]() The PEM format was first developed in the privacy-enhanced mail series of RFCs: RFC 1421, RFC 1422, RFC 1423, and RFC 1424. For instance, an operating system might provide a file containing a list of trusted CA certificates, or a web server might be configured with a "chain" file containing an end-entity certificate plus a list of intermediate certificates. Ī PEM file may contain multiple instances. In particular PEM refers to the header and base64 wrapper for a binary format contained within, but does not specify any type or format for the binary data, so that a PEM file may contain "almost anything base64 encoded and wrapped with BEGIN and END lines". The label inside a PEM file represents the type of the data more accurately than the file suffix, since many different types of data can be saved in a ".pem" file. PEM data is commonly stored in files with a ".pem" suffix, a ".cer" or ".crt" suffix (for certificates), or a ".key" suffix (for public or private keys). Common labels include CERTIFICATE, CERTIFICATE REQUEST, PRIVATE KEY and X509 CRL. The label determines the type of message encoded. PEM also defines a one-line header, consisting of -BEGIN, a label, and -, and a one-line footer, consisting of -END, a label, and. The PEM format solves this problem by encoding the binary data using base64. Because DER produces binary output, it can be challenging to transmit the resulting files through systems, like electronic mail, that only support ASCII. Many cryptography standards use ASN.1 to define their data structures, and Distinguished Encoding Rules (DER) to serialize those structures. The PEM format was eventually formalized by the IETF in RFC 7468. Privacy-Enhanced Mail ( PEM) is a de facto file format for storing and sending cryptographic keys, certificates, and other data, based on a set of 1993 IETF standards defining "privacy-enhanced mail." While the original standards were never broadly adopted and were supplanted by PGP and S/MIME, the textual encoding they defined became very popular. ![]()
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